What is coarctation of the aorta primarily characterized by?

Coarctation of the aorta is primarily characterized by a defect in the aorta, typically involving a narrowing of the aorta that occurs just distal to the left subclavian artery. This narrowing can lead to a range of cardiovascular issues, as it restricts blood flow from the heart to the rest of the body.

The significance of this narrowing is that it can create a pressure gradient between the areas of the body before and after the coarctation, resulting in higher blood pressure before the narrowing and lower blood pressure beyond it. This differential can lead to various symptoms and complications, such as hypertension in the upper body and reduced blood flow to the lower body.

Recognizing that coarctation of the aorta specifically involves a structural defect in the aorta is crucial in diagnosing and managing this condition effectively. Understanding this characteristic allows healthcare providers to implement appropriate treatment strategies to alleviate symptoms and correct the blood flow issues associated with this congenital defect.